Sexual victimization can foment rage, leading to future violence either inside or outside prison, 6, 7 as well as depression and acts of self violence, such as drug use or suicidal ideation and gestures. 4 Rape provides an opportunity for spreading sexually transmitted diseases, 5 a matter of particular concern in prisons, where HIV infection rates are higher than in the general population. 1, 2 Sexual victimization includes a range of behaviors from sexually abusive conduct to nonconsensual sexual assaults 3 and has a variety of severe public health consequences. One type of violence that is often attributed to prison settings is sexual victimization. Sexual violence inside prison is an urgent public health issue needing targeted interventions to prevent and ameliorate its health and social consequences, which spatially concentrate in poor inner-city areas where these individuals ultimately return. Abusive sexual conduct was more likely between inmates and between staff and inmates than nonconsensual sexual acts. Rates of inmate-on-inmate sexual victimization in the previous 6 months were highest for female inmates (212 per 1,000), more than four times higher than male rates (43 per 1,000). Rates of sexual victimization varied significantly by gender, age, perpetrator, question wording, and facility.

Weighted estimates of prevalence were constructed by gender and facility size. A total of 6,964 men and 564 women participated in a survey administered using audio-CASI. This paper estimates the prevalence of sexual victimization within a state prison system. The consequences of sexual violence follow the individual into the community upon release. People in prison are exposed to and experience sexual violence inside prisons, further exposing them to communicable diseases and trauma.

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